Method

GFM-stereo: A Gaussian–Fuzzy Modeling Approach for Uncertainty-Aware Neural MRF Stereo Matching [GFM-stereo]


Submitted on 30 Dec. 2025 15:26 by
chuncheng zhou (yunnan university)

Running time:0.09 s
Environment:GPU @ 2.5 Ghz (Python)

Method Description:
This probabilistic–fuzzy integration enables
uncertainty-aware
message passing, where fuzzy confidence adaptively
moderates
information aggregation, suppressing unreliable
hypotheses while
preserving structurally consistent disparities.
The framework
provides: (1) principled joint modeling of
statistical and cog-
nitive uncertainty; (2) robust propagation under
ambiguous or
multimodal distributions; and (3) improved
consistency around
depth boundaries.
Parameters:
6M
Latex Bibtex:

Detailed Results

This page provides detailed results for the method(s) selected. For each of the first 20 test images, the number of erroneous pixels at all thresholds is depicted in the table. Underneath, the left input image, the disparity / end-point error map and the estimated (and interpolated) disparity / optical flow map are shown. The error map scales linearly between 0 (black) and >=5 (white) pixels error. Red denotes all occluded pixels, falling outside the image boundaries. The false color map is scaled to the largest ground truth disparity / flow value.

Test Set Average

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 1.63 % 2.10 % 0.4 px 0.4 px
3 pixels 1.04 % 1.35 % 0.4 px 0.4 px
4 pixels 0.79 % 1.01 % 0.4 px 0.4 px
5 pixels 0.64 % 0.82 % 0.4 px 0.4 px
This table as LaTeX

Reflective Regions

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 9.83 % 11.96 % 1.3 px 1.5 px
3 pixels 6.02 % 7.55 % 1.3 px 1.5 px
4 pixels 4.48 % 5.56 % 1.3 px 1.5 px
5 pixels 3.65 % 4.44 % 1.3 px 1.5 px
This table as LaTeX

Test Image 0

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 0.76 % 0.98 % 0.3 px 0.3 px
3 pixels 0.56 % 0.79 % 0.3 px 0.3 px
4 pixels 0.47 % 0.69 % 0.3 px 0.3 px
5 pixels 0.40 % 0.62 % 0.3 px 0.3 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 1

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 1.96 % 2.59 % 0.4 px 0.4 px
3 pixels 1.15 % 1.40 % 0.4 px 0.4 px
4 pixels 0.93 % 1.16 % 0.4 px 0.4 px
5 pixels 0.80 % 0.97 % 0.4 px 0.4 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 2

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 0.50 % 0.54 % 0.3 px 0.3 px
3 pixels 0.36 % 0.41 % 0.3 px 0.3 px
4 pixels 0.30 % 0.35 % 0.3 px 0.3 px
5 pixels 0.27 % 0.31 % 0.3 px 0.3 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 3

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 0.61 % 0.62 % 0.3 px 0.3 px
3 pixels 0.18 % 0.19 % 0.3 px 0.3 px
4 pixels 0.14 % 0.14 % 0.3 px 0.3 px
5 pixels 0.13 % 0.13 % 0.3 px 0.3 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 4

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 0.45 % 0.48 % 0.3 px 0.3 px
3 pixels 0.33 % 0.34 % 0.3 px 0.3 px
4 pixels 0.23 % 0.24 % 0.3 px 0.3 px
5 pixels 0.15 % 0.16 % 0.3 px 0.3 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 5

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 0.66 % 0.73 % 0.3 px 0.3 px
3 pixels 0.47 % 0.51 % 0.3 px 0.3 px
4 pixels 0.41 % 0.42 % 0.3 px 0.3 px
5 pixels 0.33 % 0.34 % 0.3 px 0.3 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 6

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 3.76 % 4.76 % 0.5 px 0.6 px
3 pixels 2.03 % 2.64 % 0.5 px 0.6 px
4 pixels 1.18 % 1.54 % 0.5 px 0.6 px
5 pixels 0.90 % 1.15 % 0.5 px 0.6 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 7

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 1.20 % 1.67 % 0.4 px 0.5 px
3 pixels 0.66 % 0.94 % 0.4 px 0.5 px
4 pixels 0.53 % 0.77 % 0.4 px 0.5 px
5 pixels 0.46 % 0.67 % 0.4 px 0.5 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 8

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 0.81 % 0.89 % 0.3 px 0.3 px
3 pixels 0.57 % 0.64 % 0.3 px 0.3 px
4 pixels 0.42 % 0.44 % 0.3 px 0.3 px
5 pixels 0.37 % 0.39 % 0.3 px 0.3 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 9

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 1.74 % 2.09 % 0.5 px 0.6 px
3 pixels 1.16 % 1.47 % 0.5 px 0.6 px
4 pixels 0.92 % 1.20 % 0.5 px 0.6 px
5 pixels 0.77 % 1.03 % 0.5 px 0.6 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 10

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 0.84 % 1.02 % 0.3 px 0.3 px
3 pixels 0.51 % 0.54 % 0.3 px 0.3 px
4 pixels 0.39 % 0.39 % 0.3 px 0.3 px
5 pixels 0.36 % 0.36 % 0.3 px 0.3 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 11

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 0.92 % 0.90 % 0.4 px 0.4 px
3 pixels 0.51 % 0.49 % 0.4 px 0.4 px
4 pixels 0.34 % 0.33 % 0.4 px 0.4 px
5 pixels 0.26 % 0.25 % 0.4 px 0.4 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 12

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 2.35 % 3.99 % 0.5 px 0.7 px
3 pixels 1.54 % 3.04 % 0.5 px 0.7 px
4 pixels 1.18 % 2.57 % 0.5 px 0.7 px
5 pixels 1.01 % 2.29 % 0.5 px 0.7 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 13

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 1.28 % 2.10 % 0.5 px 0.5 px
3 pixels 1.05 % 1.67 % 0.5 px 0.5 px
4 pixels 0.97 % 1.47 % 0.5 px 0.5 px
5 pixels 0.91 % 1.32 % 0.5 px 0.5 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 14

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 0.18 % 0.17 % 0.2 px 0.2 px
3 pixels 0.14 % 0.13 % 0.2 px 0.2 px
4 pixels 0.13 % 0.13 % 0.2 px 0.2 px
5 pixels 0.12 % 0.12 % 0.2 px 0.2 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 15

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 1.88 % 1.85 % 0.4 px 0.4 px
3 pixels 1.19 % 1.16 % 0.4 px 0.4 px
4 pixels 0.75 % 0.73 % 0.4 px 0.4 px
5 pixels 0.48 % 0.47 % 0.4 px 0.4 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 16

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 1.56 % 1.53 % 0.4 px 0.4 px
3 pixels 0.77 % 0.75 % 0.4 px 0.4 px
4 pixels 0.50 % 0.49 % 0.4 px 0.4 px
5 pixels 0.35 % 0.35 % 0.4 px 0.4 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 17

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 2.73 % 2.90 % 0.4 px 0.5 px
3 pixels 1.87 % 1.99 % 0.4 px 0.5 px
4 pixels 1.50 % 1.59 % 0.4 px 0.5 px
5 pixels 1.22 % 1.32 % 0.4 px 0.5 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 18

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 0.31 % 0.36 % 0.2 px 0.3 px
3 pixels 0.27 % 0.32 % 0.2 px 0.3 px
4 pixels 0.25 % 0.29 % 0.2 px 0.3 px
5 pixels 0.21 % 0.22 % 0.2 px 0.3 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 19

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 0.86 % 0.83 % 0.3 px 0.3 px
3 pixels 0.56 % 0.54 % 0.3 px 0.3 px
4 pixels 0.48 % 0.47 % 0.3 px 0.3 px
5 pixels 0.43 % 0.42 % 0.3 px 0.3 px
This table as LaTeX







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