\begin{tabular}{c | c | c | c | c | c | c}
{\bf Method} & {\bf Setting} & {\bf Moderate} & {\bf Easy} & {\bf Hard} & {\bf Runtime} & {\bf Environment}\\ \hline
VMVS & la & 68.19 \% & 79.98 \% & 63.18 \% & 0.25 s / GPU & J. Ku, A. Pon, S. Walsh and S. Waslander: Improving 3D object detection for pedestrians with virtual multi-view synthesis orientation estimation. IROS 2019.\\
SubCNN & & 66.70 \% & 79.65 \% & 61.35 \% & 2 s / GPU & Y. Xiang, W. Choi, Y. Lin and S. Savarese: Subcategory-aware Convolutional Neural Networks for Object Proposals and Detection. IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV) 2017.\\
DD3D & & 63.92 \% & 77.09 \% & 59.41 \% & n/a s / 1 core & D. Park, R. Ambrus, V. Guizilini, J. Li and A. Gaidon: Is Pseudo-Lidar needed for Monocular 3D Object detection?. IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) .\\
F-ConvNet & la & 63.87 \% & 75.19 \% & 58.57 \% & 0.47 s / GPU & Z. Wang and K. Jia: Frustum ConvNet: Sliding Frustums to Aggregate Local Point-Wise Features for Amodal 3D Object Detection. IROS 2019.\\
UPIDet & & 61.92 \% & 72.38 \% & 59.31 \% & 0.11 s / 1 core & Y. Zhang, Q. Zhang, J. Hou, Y. Yuan and G. Xing: Unleash the Potential of Image Branch for Cross-modal 3D Object Detection. Thirty-seventh Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2023.\\
ImagePG & & 61.63 \% & 72.07 \% & 57.48 \% & 1 s / 1 core & \\
CasA++ & & 61.59 \% & 71.78 \% & 58.71 \% & 0.1 s / 1 core & H. Wu, J. Deng, C. Wen, X. Li and C. Wang: CasA: A Cascade Attention Network for 3D Object Detection from LiDAR point clouds. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 2022.\\
3DOP & st & 61.48 \% & 74.22 \% & 55.89 \% & 3s / GPU & X. Chen, K. Kundu, Y. Zhu, A. Berneshawi, H. Ma, S. Fidler and R. Urtasun: 3D Object Proposals for Accurate Object Class Detection. NIPS 2015.\\
TED & & 61.44 \% & 71.72 \% & 58.59 \% & 0.1 s / 1 core & H. Wu, C. Wen, W. Li, R. Yang and C. Wang: Transformation-Equivariant 3D Object Detection for Autonomous Driving. AAAI 2023.\\
IDEAL-M3D 60% & & 61.20 \% & 75.99 \% & 56.16 \% & 0.04 s / 1 core & \\
LoGoNet & & 60.70 \% & 69.16 \% & 58.13 \% & 0.1 s / 1 core & X. Li, T. Ma, Y. Hou, B. Shi, Y. Yang, Y. Liu, X. Wu, Q. Chen, Y. Li, Y. Qiao and others: LoGoNet: Towards Accurate 3D Object Detection with Local-to-Global Cross-Modal Fusion. CVPR 2023.\\
HotSpotNet & & 60.65 \% & 70.36 \% & 57.42 \% & 0.04 s / 1 core & Q. Chen, L. Sun, Z. Wang, K. Jia and A. Yuille: object as hotspots. Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV) 2020.\\
MonoAFKD & & 60.39 \% & 75.23 \% & 53.94 \% & 0.03 s / 1 core & \\
MonoLSS & & 60.28 \% & 75.13 \% & 53.85 \% & 0.04 s / 1 core & Z. Li, J. Jia and Y. Shi: MonoLSS: Learnable Sample Selection For Monocular 3D Detection. International Conference on 3D Vision 2024.\\
DeepStereoOP & & 60.15 \% & 73.76 \% & 55.30 \% & 3.4 s / GPU & C. Pham and J. Jeon: Robust Object Proposals Re-ranking for Object Detection in Autonomous Driving Using Convolutional Neural Networks. Signal Processing: Image Communiation 2017.\\
Pose-RCNN & & 59.84 \% & 76.24 \% & 53.59 \% & 2 s / >8 cores & M. Braun, Q. Rao, Y. Wang and F. Flohr: Pose-RCNN: Joint object detection and pose estimation using 3D object proposals. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), 2016 IEEE 19th International Conference on 2016.\\
USVLab BSAODet & & 59.73 \% & 69.95 \% & 55.85 \% & 0.04 s / 1 core & W. Xiao, Y. Peng, C. Liu, J. Gao, Y. Wu and X. Li: Balanced Sample Assignment and Objective for Single-Model Multi-Class 3D Object Detection. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 2023.\\
CasA & & 59.69 \% & 70.33 \% & 56.89 \% & 0.1 s / 1 core & H. Wu, J. Deng, C. Wen, X. Li and C. Wang: CasA: A Cascade Attention Network for 3D Object Detection from LiDAR point clouds. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 2022.\\
MonoHPE-Mask & & 59.36 \% & 75.86 \% & 54.24 \% & 0.04 s / 1 core & \\
FFNet & & 58.87 \% & 69.24 \% & 53.75 \% & 1.07 s / GPU & C. Zhao, Y. Qian and M. Yang: Monocular Pedestrian Orientation Estimation Based on Deep 2D-3D Feedforward. Pattern Recognition 2019.\\
Mono3D & & 58.66 \% & 71.19 \% & 53.94 \% & 4.2 s / GPU & X. Chen, K. Kundu, Z. Zhang, H. Ma, S. Fidler and R. Urtasun: Monocular 3D Object Detection for Autonomous Driving. CVPR 2016.\\
VPFNet & & 58.63 \% & 67.96 \% & 54.77 \% & 0.2 s / 1 core & C. Wang, H. Chen and L. Fu: VPFNet: Voxel-Pixel Fusion Network for Multi-class 3D Object Detection. 2021.C. Wang, H. Chen, Y. Chen, P. Hsiao and L. Fu: VoPiFNet: Voxel-Pixel Fusion Network for Multi-Class 3D Object Detection. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 2024.\\
MonoHPE & & 57.97 \% & 72.64 \% & 51.45 \% & 0.04 s / 1 core & \\
P2V-RCNN & & 57.94 \% & 68.67 \% & 55.07 \% & 0.1 s / 2 cores & J. Li, S. Luo, Z. Zhu, H. Dai, A. Krylov, Y. Ding and L. Shao: P2V-RCNN: Point to Voxel Feature Learning for 3D Object Detection from Point Clouds. IEEE Access 2021.\\
dsvd+vx & & 57.68 \% & 68.29 \% & 54.96 \% & 0.1 s / 1 core & \\
MonoLSPF & & 57.58 \% & 73.49 \% & 52.85 \% & 0.04 s / 1 core & \\
SpaA & & 57.39 \% & 67.80 \% & 54.78 \% & 0.1 s / 1 core & \\
Fast-CLOCs & & 57.35 \% & 70.93 \% & 54.48 \% & 0.1 s / GPU & S. Pang, D. Morris and H. Radha: Fast-CLOCs: Fast Camera-LiDAR Object Candidates Fusion for 3D Object Detection. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV) 2022.\\
EOTL & & 57.17 \% & 68.99 \% & 51.48 \% & TBD s / 1 core & R. Yang, Z. Yan, T. Yang, Y. Wang and Y. Ruichek: Efficient Online Transfer Learning for Road Participants Detection in Autonomous Driving. IEEE Sensors Journal 2023.\\
MLF-DET & & 56.89 \% & 64.49 \% & 53.17 \% & 0.09 s / 1 core & Z. Lin, Y. Shen, S. Zhou, S. Chen and N. Zheng: MLF-DET: Multi-Level Fusion for Cross- Modal 3D Object Detection. International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks 2023.\\
FIRM-Net\_SCF+ & & 56.65 \% & 66.97 \% & 53.90 \% & 0.07 s / 1 core & \\
WWW & & 56.46 \% & 66.96 \% & 52.51 \% & 0.1 s / 1 core & \\
FIRM-Net-SCF & & 56.44 \% & 66.80 \% & 53.65 \% & 0.07 s / 1 core & \\
BVIFusion+ & & 56.36 \% & 66.56 \% & 52.55 \% & 0.09 s / 1 core & \\
MDD-M3D-X & & 56.30 \% & 72.60 \% & 51.61 \% & 0.01 s / 1 core & \\
LumiNet & & 55.80 \% & 66.85 \% & 53.17 \% & 0.1 s / 1 core & \\
AFFN-G & & 55.17 \% & 63.53 \% & 52.79 \% & 0.5 s / 1 core & \\
GEFPN & & 55.17 \% & 63.53 \% & 52.79 \% & 0.5 s / 1 core & \\
GeVo & & 55.17 \% & 63.53 \% & 52.79 \% & 0.05 s / 1 core & \\
vsis-PHNet & & 55.13 \% & 66.56 \% & 52.44 \% & 0.03 s / 1 core & \\
PHNetp & & 55.13 \% & 66.56 \% & 52.44 \% & 0.03 s / 1 core & \\
DPFusion & & 55.06 \% & 66.79 \% & 50.92 \% & 0.07 s / 1 core & Y. Mo, Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Y. Hu, J. Wang and J. Yan: Enhancing LiDAR Point Features with Foundation Model Priors for 3D Object Detection. ITSC 2025.\\
DFAF3D & & 54.99 \% & 65.42 \% & 51.21 \% & 0.05 s / 1 core & Q. Tang, X. Bai, J. Guo, B. Pan and W. Jiang: DFAF3D: A dual-feature-aware anchor-free single-stage 3D detector for point clouds. Image and Vision Computing 2023.\\
MPC3DNet & & 54.92 \% & 63.60 \% & 52.36 \% & 0.05 s / GPU & \\
3ONet & & 54.88 \% & 66.35 \% & 50.82 \% & 0.1 s / 1 core & H. Hoang and M. Yoo: 3ONet: 3-D Detector for Occluded Object Under Obstructed Conditions. IEEE Sensors Journal 2023.\\
FromVoxelToPoint & & 54.80 \% & 66.21 \% & 52.03 \% & 0.1 s / 1 core & J. Li, H. Dai, L. Shao and Y. Ding: From Voxel to Point: IoU-guided 3D Object Detection for Point Cloud with Voxel-to- Point Decoder. MM '21: The 29th ACM International Conference on Multimedia (ACM MM) 2021.\\
test & & 54.79 \% & 63.76 \% & 52.50 \% & 0.04 s / GPU & \\
MonoPSR & & 54.65 \% & 68.98 \% & 50.07 \% & 0.2 s / GPU & J. Ku*, A. Pon* and S. Waslander: Monocular 3D Object Detection Leveraging Accurate Proposals and Shape Reconstruction. CVPR 2019.\\
SVFMamba & & 54.57 \% & 65.47 \% & 50.98 \% & N/A s / 1 core & \\
CEF & & 54.48 \% & 65.63 \% & 51.90 \% & 0.03 s / 1 core & \\
DSA-PV-RCNN & la & 54.38 \% & 63.12 \% & 51.98 \% & 0.08 s / 1 core & P. Bhattacharyya, C. Huang and K. Czarnecki: SA-Det3D: Self-Attention Based Context-Aware 3D Object Detection. 2021.\\
PDV & & 54.08 \% & 63.43 \% & 50.75 \% & 0.1 s / 1 core & J. Hu, T. Kuai and S. Waslander: Point Density-Aware Voxels for LiDAR 3D Object Detection. CVPR 2022.\\
ACFNet & & 53.97 \% & 65.55 \% & 49.97 \% & 0.11 s / 1 core & Y. Tian, X. Zhang, X. Wang, J. Xu, J. Wang, R. Ai, W. Gu and W. Ding: ACF-Net: Asymmetric Cascade Fusion for 3D Detection With LiDAR Point Clouds and Images. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles 2023.\\
PASS-PV-RCNN-Plus & & 53.82 \% & 63.49 \% & 51.30 \% & 1 s / 1 core & Anonymous: Leveraging Anchor-based LiDAR 3D Object Detection via Point Assisted Sample Selection. will submit to computer vision conference/journal 2024.\\
monodle & & 53.78 \% & 69.94 \% & 48.98 \% & 0.04 s / GPU & X. Ma, Y. Zhang, D. Xu, D. Zhou, S. Yi, H. Li and W. Ouyang: Delving into Localization Errors for Monocular 3D Object Detection. CVPR 2021 .\\
AFFN & & 53.77 \% & 63.18 \% & 50.98 \% & 0.5 s / 1 core & \\
MGAF-3DSSD & & 53.73 \% & 64.69 \% & 49.84 \% & 0.1 s / 1 core & J. Li, H. Dai, L. Shao and Y. Ding: Anchor-free 3D Single Stage Detector with Mask-Guided Attention for Point Cloud. MM '21: The 29th ACM International Conference on Multimedia (ACM MM) 2021.\\
HMNet & & 53.48 \% & 65.59 \% & 50.71 \% & 0.1 s / 1 core & \\
AM & & 53.39 \% & 71.12 \% & 48.57 \% & 0.04 s / 1 core & \\
SRDL & & 53.36 \% & 63.39 \% & 50.43 \% & 0.05 s / 1 core & ERROR: Wrong syntax in BIBTEX file.\\
PG-RCNN & & 53.12 \% & 63.73 \% & 50.46 \% & 0.06 s / GPU & I. Koo, I. Lee, S. Kim, H. Kim, W. Jeon and C. Kim: PG-RCNN: Semantic Surface Point Generation for 3D Object Detection. 2023.\\
IA-SSD (single) & & 52.69 \% & 62.90 \% & 50.27 \% & 0.013 s / 1 core & Y. Zhang, Q. Hu, G. Xu, Y. Ma, J. Wan and Y. Guo: Not All Points Are Equal: Learning Highly Efficient Point-based Detectors for 3D LiDAR Point Clouds. CVPR 2022.\\
R2Pfusion-Det & & 52.67 \% & 63.49 \% & 50.39 \% & 0.3 s / 1 core & \\
Voxel RCNN-Focal* & & 52.65 \% & 60.83 \% & 50.40 \% & 0.2 s / 1 core & \\
MonoUNI & & 52.62 \% & 69.15 \% & 47.89 \% & 0.04 s / 1 core & J. Jia, Z. Li and Y. Shi: MonoUNI: A Unified Vehicle and Infrastructure-side Monocular 3D Object Detection Network with Sufficient Depth Clues. Thirty-seventh Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2023.\\
HMFI & & 52.47 \% & 63.10 \% & 49.57 \% & 0.1 s / 1 core & X. Li, B. Shi, Y. Hou, X. Wu, T. Ma, Y. Li and L. He: Homogeneous Multi-modal Feature Fusion and Interaction for 3D Object Detection. ECCV 2022.\\
MMLab PV-RCNN & la & 52.42 \% & 63.45 \% & 49.23 \% & 0.08 s / 1 core & S. Shi, C. Guo, L. Jiang, Z. Wang, J. Shi, X. Wang and H. Li: PV-RCNN: Point-Voxel Feature Set Abstraction for 3D Object Detection. CVPR 2020.\\
SVGA-Net & & 52.27 \% & 62.33 \% & 49.44 \% & 0.03s / 1 core & Q. He, Z. Wang, H. Zeng, Y. Zeng and Y. Liu: SVGA-Net: Sparse Voxel-Graph Attention Network for 3D Object Detection from Point Clouds. AAAI 2022.\\
MMLab-PartA^2 & la & 52.20 \% & 63.51 \% & 48.27 \% & 0.08 s / GPU & S. Shi, Z. Wang, J. Shi, X. Wang and H. Li: From Points to Parts: 3D Object Detection from Point Cloud with Part-aware and Part-aggregation Network. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 2020.\\
FRCNN+Or & & 52.15 \% & 67.03 \% & 47.14 \% & 0.09 s / & C. Guindel, D. Martin and J. Armingol: Fast Joint Object Detection and Viewpoint Estimation for Traffic Scene Understanding. IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine 2018.C. Guindel, D. Martin and J. Armingol: Joint Object Detection and Viewpoint Estimation using CNN features. IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES) 2017.\\
CAIA\_PRO & & 52.11 \% & 62.38 \% & 49.56 \% & 0.01 s / 1 core & \\
SIF & & 52.10 \% & 62.72 \% & 49.19 \% & 0.1 s / 1 core & P. An: SIF. Submitted to CVIU 2021.\\
VLGCL\_NoText & & 52.08 \% & 60.06 \% & 49.59 \% & 0.3 s / 1 core & \\
FocalsConv* & & 51.97 \% & 59.61 \% & 48.59 \% & 0.2 s / 1 core & \\
CGML & & 51.91 \% & 60.01 \% & 49.53 \% & 0.33 s / 1 core & \\
R50\_SACINet & & 51.91 \% & 62.91 \% & 48.32 \% & 0.06 s / 1 core & \\
SFA\_IGCL\_Focalsconv* & & 51.76 \% & 60.17 \% & 49.28 \% & 0.2 s / 1 core & \\
AFFN-Ga & & 51.63 \% & 60.97 \% & 49.10 \% & 0.5 s / 1 core & \\
New\_VLGCL & & 51.59 \% & 59.19 \% & 49.14 \% & 0.4 s / 1 core & \\
QD-3DT & on & 51.46 \% & 68.64 \% & 47.00 \% & 0.03 s / GPU & H. Hu, Y. Yang, T. Fischer, F. Yu, T. Darrell and M. Sun: Monocular Quasi-Dense 3D Object Tracking. ArXiv:2103.07351 2021.\\
HA-PillarNet & & 51.11 \% & 58.89 \% & 48.91 \% & 0.05 s / 1 core & \\
ACDet & & 50.90 \% & 62.39 \% & 48.34 \% & 0.05 s / 1 core & J. Xu, G. Wang, X. Zhang and G. Wan: ACDet: Attentive Cross-view Fusion for LiDAR-based 3D Object Detection. 3DV 2022.\\
MonoMH & & 50.76 \% & 68.08 \% & 45.95 \% & 0.04 s / 1 core & \\
GUPNet & & 50.74 \% & 68.93 \% & 44.01 \% & NA s / 1 core & Y. Lu, X. Ma, L. Yang, T. Zhang, Y. Liu, Q. Chu, J. Yan and W. Ouyang: Geometry Uncertainty Projection Network for Monocular 3D Object Detection. arXiv preprint arXiv:2107.13774 2021.\\
DEVIANT & & 50.66 \% & 68.78 \% & 45.89 \% & 0.04 s / & A. Kumar, G. Brazil, E. Corona, A. Parchami and X. Liu: DEVIANT: Depth EquiVarIAnt NeTwork for Monocular 3D Object Detection. European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV) 2022.\\
DVFENet & & 50.52 \% & 60.32 \% & 47.92 \% & 0.05 s / 1 core & Y. He, G. Xia, Y. Luo, L. Su, Z. Zhang, W. Li and P. Wang: DVFENet: Dual-branch Voxel Feature Extraction Network for 3D Object Detection. Neurocomputing 2021.\\
OPA-3D & & 50.42 \% & 68.35 \% & 43.91 \% & 0.04 s / 1 core & Y. Su, Y. Di, G. Zhai, F. Manhardt, J. Rambach, B. Busam, D. Stricker and F. Tombari: OPA-3D: Occlusion-Aware Pixel-Wise Aggregation for Monocular 3D Object Detection. IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 2023.\\
PointPainting & la & 50.22 \% & 59.25 \% & 46.95 \% & 0.4 s / GPU & S. Vora, A. Lang, B. Helou and O. Beijbom: PointPainting: Sequential Fusion for 3D Object Detection. CVPR 2020.\\
Mix-Teaching & & 50.19 \% & 64.04 \% & 44.37 \% & 30 s / 1 core & L. Yang, X. Zhang, L. Wang, M. Zhu, C. Zhang and J. Li: Mix-Teaching: A Simple, Unified and Effective Semi-Supervised Learning Framework for Monocular 3D Object Detection. ArXiv 2022.\\
M3DeTR & & 50.09 \% & 58.90 \% & 47.66 \% & n/a s / GPU & T. Guan, J. Wang, S. Lan, R. Chandra, Z. Wu, L. Davis and D. Manocha: M3DeTR: Multi-representation, Multi- scale, Mutual-relation 3D Object Detection with Transformers. 2021.\\
SA V1 & & 50.06 \% & 60.55 \% & 47.36 \% & 0.5 s / GPU & \\
work6\_new1 & & 49.76 \% & 59.53 \% & 47.22 \% & 0.5 s / GPU & \\
L\_SACINet & & 49.63 \% & 59.81 \% & 46.15 \% & 0.04 s / 1 core & \\
IA-SSD (multi) & & 49.58 \% & 62.51 \% & 47.17 \% & 0.014 s / 1 core & Y. Zhang, Q. Hu, G. Xu, Y. Ma, J. Wan and Y. Guo: Not All Points Are Equal: Learning Highly Efficient Point-based Detectors for 3D LiDAR Point Clouds. CVPR 2022.\\
SAKD-MR-Res18 & & 49.57 \% & 67.47 \% & 43.12 \% & 0.03 s / 1 core & \\
MSFASA-3DNet & & 49.31 \% & 58.85 \% & 46.35 \% & 0.5 s / GPU & \\
XView & & 49.30 \% & 58.39 \% & 46.81 \% & 0.1 s / 1 core & L. Xie, G. Xu, D. Cai and X. He: X-view: Non-egocentric Multi-View 3D Object Detector. 2021.\\
ARPNET & & 48.49 \% & 60.47 \% & 45.02 \% & 0.08 s / GPU & Y. Ye, C. Zhang and X. Hao: ARPNET: attention region proposal network for 3D object detection. Science China Information Sciences 2019.\\
MonoCoP & & 48.49 \% & 64.34 \% & 43.91 \% & 0.01 s / 1 core & \\
DPPFA-Net & & 48.38 \% & 56.13 \% & 45.93 \% & 0.1 s / 1 core & J. Wang, X. Kong, H. Nishikawa, Q. Lian and H. Tomiyama: Dynamic Point-Pixel Feature Alignment for Multi-modal 3D Object Detection. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2023.\\
NoText\_VLGCL & & 48.35 \% & 57.39 \% & 45.79 \% & 0.2 s / 1 core & \\
CS3D & & 48.20 \% & 57.35 \% & 45.75 \% & 0.5 s / 1 core & \\
PointPillars & la & 48.05 \% & 57.47 \% & 45.40 \% & 16 ms / & A. Lang, S. Vora, H. Caesar, L. Zhou, J. Yang and O. Beijbom: PointPillars: Fast Encoders for Object Detection from Point Clouds. CVPR 2019.\\
HINTED & & 47.84 \% & 62.13 \% & 43.71 \% & 0.04 s / 1 core & Q. Xia, W. Ye, H. Wu, S. Zhao, L. Xing, X. Huang, J. Deng, X. Li, C. Wen and C. Wang: HINTED: Hard Instance Enhanced Detector with Mixed-Density Feature Fusion for Sparsely- Supervised 3D Object Detection. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 2024.\\
MonoRUn & & 47.82 \% & 63.28 \% & 43.23 \% & 0.07 s / GPU & H. Chen, Y. Huang, W. Tian, Z. Gao and L. Xiong: MonoRUn: Monocular 3D Object Detection by Reconstruction and Uncertainty Propagation. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) 2021.\\
SeSame-voxel & & 47.60 \% & 58.80 \% & 43.53 \% & N/A s / TITAN RTX & H. O, C. Yang and K. Huh: SeSame: Simple, Easy 3D Object Detection with Point-Wise Semantics. Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Computer Vision (ACCV) 2024.\\
L-AUG & & 47.59 \% & 58.42 \% & 44.64 \% & 0.1 s / 1 core & T. Cortinhal, I. Gouigah and E. Aksoy: Semantics-aware LiDAR-Only Pseudo Point Cloud Generation for 3D Object Detection. 2023.\\
temp & & 47.56 \% & 63.75 \% & 41.99 \% & 0.01 s / 1 core & \\
MMLab-PointRCNN & la & 47.33 \% & 57.19 \% & 44.31 \% & 0.1 s / GPU & S. Shi, X. Wang and H. Li: Pointrcnn: 3d object proposal generation and detection from point cloud. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 2019.\\
SeSame-point & & 47.09 \% & 56.55 \% & 44.58 \% & N/A s / TITAN RTX & H. O, C. Yang and K. Huh: SeSame: Simple, Easy 3D Object Detection with Point-Wise Semantics. Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Computer Vision (ACCV) 2024.\\
XPillars & la & 46.81 \% & 58.03 \% & 44.00 \% & 0.02 s / GPU & \\
S-AT GCN & & 46.64 \% & 56.55 \% & 44.23 \% & 0.02 s / GPU & L. Wang, C. Wang, X. Zhang, T. Lan and J. Li: S-AT GCN: Spatial-Attention Graph Convolution Network based Feature Enhancement for 3D Object Detection. CoRR 2021.\\
PiFeNet & & 46.59 \% & 55.11 \% & 44.14 \% & 0.03 s / 1 core & D. Le, H. Shi, H. Rezatofighi and J. Cai: Accurate and Real-time 3D Pedestrian Detection Using an Efficient Attentive Pillar Network. IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 2022.\\
Shift R-CNN (mono) & & 46.56 \% & 64.73 \% & 41.86 \% & 0.25 s / GPU & A. Naiden, V. Paunescu, G. Kim, B. Jeon and M. Leordeanu: Shift R-CNN: Deep Monocular 3D Object Detection With Closed-form Geometric Constraints. ICIP 2019.\\
Disp R-CNN & st & 45.80 \% & 63.23 \% & 41.32 \% & 0.387 s / GPU & J. Sun, L. Chen, Y. Xie, S. Zhang, Q. Jiang, X. Zhou and H. Bao: Disp R-CNN: Stereo 3D Object Detection via Shape Prior Guided Instance Disparity Estimation. CVPR 2020.\\
SecAtten & & 45.76 \% & 55.24 \% & 42.75 \% & 0.1 s / 1 core & \\
PCNet3D & & 45.66 \% & 56.08 \% & 42.95 \% & 0.05 s / GPU & \\
Disp R-CNN (velo) & st & 45.66 \% & 63.16 \% & 41.14 \% & 0.387 s / GPU & J. Sun, L. Chen, Y. Xie, S. Zhang, Q. Jiang, X. Zhou and H. Bao: Disp R-CNN: Stereo 3D Object Detection via Shape Prior Guided Instance Disparity Estimation. CVPR 2020.\\
PillarHist & & 45.47 \% & 54.35 \% & 42.97 \% & 0.01 s / 1 core & \\
HomoLoss(monoflex) & & 45.44 \% & 59.94 \% & 41.15 \% & 0.04 s / 1 core & J. Gu, B. Wu, L. Fan, J. Huang, S. Cao, Z. Xiang and X. Hua: Homography Loss for Monocular 3D Object Detection. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) 2022.\\
GraphAlign(ICCV2023) & & 45.18 \% & 52.14 \% & 43.18 \% & 0.03 s / GPU & Z. Song, H. Wei, L. Bai, L. Yang and C. Jia: GraphAlign: Enhancing accurate feature alignment by graph matching for multi-modal 3D object detection. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision 2023.\\
PCNet3D++ & & 45.03 \% & 55.89 \% & 42.29 \% & 0.5 s / GPU & \\
Plane-Constraints & & 44.76 \% & 57.28 \% & 40.56 \% & 0.05 s / 4 cores & H. Yao, J. Chen, Z. Wang, X. Wang, X. Chai, Y. Qiu and P. Han: Vertex points are not enough: Monocular 3D object detection via intra-and inter-plane constraints. Neural Networks 2023.\\
focal & & 44.56 \% & 53.24 \% & 42.43 \% & 100 s / 1 core & \\
MonoFlex & & 44.20 \% & 58.96 \% & 39.89 \% & 0.03 s / GPU & Y. Zhang, J. Lu and J. Zhou: Objects are Different: Flexible Monocular 3D Object Detection. CVPR 2021.\\
M3DNet & & 44.17 \% & 54.94 \% & 41.61 \% & 0.5 s / 1 core & \\
AVOD-FPN & la & 43.99 \% & 53.48 \% & 41.56 \% & 0.1 s / & J. Ku, M. Mozifian, J. Lee, A. Harakeh and S. Waslander: Joint 3D Proposal Generation and Object Detection from View Aggregation. IROS 2018.\\
PL++: PV-RCNN++ & st la & 43.90 \% & 53.77 \% & 40.77 \% & 0.342 s / & X. Gong, X. Huang, S. Chen and B. Zhang: Enhancing 3D Detection Accuracy in Autonomous Driving through Pseudo-LiDAR Augmentation and Downsampling. 2024 International Conference on Image Processing, Computer Vision and Machine Learning (ICICML) 2024.\\
CAT-Det & & 43.86 \% & 52.75 \% & 41.15 \% & 0.3 s / GPU & Y. Zhang, J. Chen and D. Huang: CAT-Det: Contrastively Augmented Transformer for Multi-modal 3D Object Detection. CVPR 2022.\\
DSGN++ & st & 43.35 \% & 54.16 \% & 40.10 \% & 0.2 s / & Y. Chen, S. Huang, S. Liu, B. Yu and J. Jia: DSGN++: Exploiting Visual-Spatial Relation for Stereo-Based 3D Detectors. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 2022.\\
EPNet++ & & 43.29 \% & 51.89 \% & 40.98 \% & 0.1 s / GPU & Z. Liu, T. Huang, B. Li, X. Chen, X. Wang and X. Bai: EPNet++: Cascade Bi-Directional Fusion for Multi-Modal 3D Object Detection. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 2022.\\
MonOri & & 43.12 \% & 56.28 \% & 37.80 \% & 0.03 s / 4 cores & H. Yao, P. Han, J. Chen, Z. Wang, Y. Qiu, X. Wang, Y. wang, X. Chai, C. Cao and W. Jin: MonOri: Orientation-Guided PnP for Monocular 3-D Object Detection. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems 2025.\\
monospb & & 42.99 \% & 58.36 \% & 38.82 \% & 0.01 s / 1 core & \\
Frustum-PointPillars & & 42.97 \% & 49.04 \% & 40.69 \% & 0.06 s / 4 cores & A. Paigwar, D. Sierra-Gonzalez, \. Erkent and C. Laugier: Frustum-PointPillars: A Multi-Stage Approach for 3D Object Detection using RGB Camera and LiDAR. International Conference on Computer Vision, ICCV, Workshop on Autonomous Vehicle Vision 2021.\\
MonoRCNN++ & & 42.54 \% & 56.59 \% & 36.64 \% & 0.07 s / GPU & X. Shi, Z. Chen and T. Kim: Multivariate Probabilistic Monocular 3D Object Detection. WACV 2023.\\
MonOAPC & & 42.52 \% & 56.84 \% & 38.43 \% & 0035 s / 1 core & H. Yao, J. Chen, Z. Wang, X. Wang, P. Han, X. Chai and Y. Qiu: Occlusion-Aware Plane-Constraints for Monocular 3D Object Detection. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 2023.\\
MonoPair & & 42.38 \% & 55.26 \% & 38.53 \% & 0.06 s / GPU & Y. Chen, L. Tai, K. Sun and M. Li: MonoPair: Monocular 3D Object Detection Using Pairwise Spatial Relationships. The IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) 2020.\\
T-SSD & & 41.55 \% & 52.44 \% & 39.16 \% & 0.04 / 1 core & \\
DSFNet & & 41.47 \% & 51.90 \% & 38.47 \% & 0.5 s / GPU & \\
MonoDDE & & 41.09 \% & 55.28 \% & 36.85 \% & 0.04 s / 1 core & Z. Li, Z. Qu, Y. Zhou, J. Liu, H. Wang and L. Jiang: Diversity Matters: Fully Exploiting Depth Clues for Reliable Monocular 3D Object Detection. CVPR 2022.\\
mdab & & 41.04 \% & 56.10 \% & 36.74 \% & 0.02 s / 1 core & \\
PFF3D & la & 40.99 \% & 48.75 \% & 38.99 \% & 0.05 s / GPU & L. Wen and K. Jo: Fast and Accurate 3D Object Detection for Lidar-Camera-Based Autonomous Vehicles Using One Shared Voxel-Based Backbone. IEEE Access 2021.\\
MMLAB LIGA-Stereo & st & 40.98 \% & 53.16 \% & 38.12 \% & 0.4 s / 1 core & X. Guo, S. Shi, X. Wang and H. Li: LIGA-Stereo: Learning LiDAR Geometry Aware Representations for Stereo-based 3D Detector. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) 2021.\\
DensePointPillars & & 40.62 \% & 48.97 \% & 38.14 \% & 0.03 s / GPU & \\
UniCuboid & & 40.07 \% & 52.95 \% & 36.09 \% & 0.1 s / 1 core & \\
LPCG-Monoflex & & 39.79 \% & 56.60 \% & 35.42 \% & 0.03 s / 1 core & L. Peng, F. Liu, Z. Yu, S. Yan, D. Deng, Z. Yang, H. Liu and D. Cai: Lidar Point Cloud Guided Monocular 3D Object Detection. ECCV 2022.\\
AB3DMOT & la on & 39.76 \% & 50.30 \% & 36.90 \% & 0.0047s / 1 core & X. Weng and K. Kitani: A Baseline for 3D Multi-Object Tracking. arXiv:1907.03961 2019.\\
SS3D & & 39.60 \% & 53.72 \% & 35.40 \% & 48 ms / & E. Jörgensen, C. Zach and F. Kahl: Monocular 3D Object Detection and Box Fitting Trained End-to-End Using Intersection-over-Union Loss. CoRR 2019.\\
SemanticVoxels & & 38.95 \% & 45.59 \% & 37.21 \% & 0.04 s / GPU & J. Fei, W. Chen, P. Heidenreich, S. Wirges and C. Stiller: SemanticVoxels: Sequential Fusion for 3D Pedestrian Detection using LiDAR Point Cloud and Semantic Segmentation. MFI 2020.\\
MonoLiG & & 38.92 \% & 52.66 \% & 35.05 \% & 0.03 s / 1 core & A. Hekimoglu, M. Schmidt and A. Ramiro: Monocular 3D Object Detection with LiDAR Guided Semi Supervised Active Learning. 2023.\\
SeSame-voxel w/score & & 38.87 \% & 46.62 \% & 36.58 \% & N/A s / GPU & H. O, C. Yang and K. Huh: SeSame: Simple, Easy 3D Object Detection with Point-Wise Semantics. Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Computer Vision (ACCV) 2024.\\
geo-pillars & & 38.59 \% & 46.71 \% & 36.37 \% & 0.05 s / 1 core & ERROR: Wrong syntax in BIBTEX file.\\
DPM-VOC+VP & & 37.79 \% & 52.91 \% & 33.27 \% & 8 s / 1 core & B. Pepik, M. Stark, P. Gehler and B. Schiele: Multi-view and 3D Deformable Part Models. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (TPAMI) 2015.\\
StereoDistill & & 37.58 \% & 48.49 \% & 34.41 \% & 0.4 s / 1 core & Z. Liu, X. Ye, X. Tan, D. Errui, Y. Zhou and X. Bai: StereoDistill: Pick the Cream from LiDAR for Distilling Stereo-based 3D Object Detection. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 2023.\\
EQ-PVRCNN & & 36.49 \% & 43.67 \% & 34.67 \% & 0.2 s / GPU & Z. Yang, L. Jiang, Y. Sun, B. Schiele and J. Jia: A Unified Query-based Paradigm for Point Cloud Understanding. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 2022.\\
CG-Stereo & st & 36.47 \% & 48.23 \% & 32.77 \% & 0.57 s / & C. Li, J. Ku and S. Waslander: Confidence Guided Stereo 3D Object Detection with Split Depth Estimation. IROS 2020.\\
TANet & & 36.21 \% & 42.54 \% & 34.39 \% & 0.035s / GPU & Z. Liu, X. Zhao, T. Huang, R. Hu, Y. Zhou and X. Bai: TANet: Robust 3D Object Detection from Point Clouds with Triple Attention. AAAI 2020.\\
YOLOStereo3D & st & 35.62 \% & 48.99 \% & 31.58 \% & 0.1 s / & Y. Liu, L. Wang and M. Liu: YOLOStereo3D: A Step Back to 2D for Efficient Stereo 3D Detection. 2021 International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) 2021.\\
SCNet & la & 35.49 \% & 44.50 \% & 33.38 \% & 0.04 s / GPU & Z. Wang, H. Fu, L. Wang, L. Xiao and B. Dai: SCNet: Subdivision Coding Network for Object Detection Based on 3D Point Cloud. IEEE Access 2019.\\
MonoDTR & & 35.11 \% & 49.41 \% & 31.41 \% & 0.04 s / 1 core & K. Huang, T. Wu, H. Su and W. Hsu: MonoDTR: Monocular 3D Object Detection with Depth-Aware Transformer. CVPR 2022.\\
BirdNet+ & la & 35.01 \% & 41.84 \% & 33.03 \% & 0.11 s / & A. Barrera, J. Beltrán, C. Guindel, J. Iglesias and F. García: BirdNet+: Two-Stage 3D Object Detection in LiDAR through a Sparsity-Invariant Bird’s Eye View. IEEE Access 2021.\\
MonoEF & & 34.63 \% & 47.45 \% & 31.01 \% & 0.03 s / 1 core & Y. Zhou, Y. He, H. Zhu, C. Wang, H. Li and Q. Jiang: Monocular 3D Object Detection: An Extrinsic Parameter Free Approach. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) 2021.\\
sensekitti & & 34.26 \% & 41.03 \% & 31.51 \% & 4.5 s / GPU & B. Yang, J. Yan, Z. Lei and S. Li: Craft Objects from Images. CVPR 2016.\\
PointPillars\_mmdet3d & & 33.65 \% & 40.90 \% & 31.50 \% & 0.03 s / 1 core & \\
D4LCN & & 33.62 \% & 46.73 \% & 28.71 \% & 0.2 s / GPU & M. Ding, Y. Huo, H. Yi, Z. Wang, J. Shi, Z. Lu and P. Luo: Learning Depth-Guided Convolutions for Monocular 3D Object Detection. CVPR 2020.\\
AEPF & & 33.46 \% & 39.98 \% & 31.35 \% & 0.05 s / GPU & \\
DDMP-3D & & 33.35 \% & 46.12 \% & 28.45 \% & 0.18 s / 1 core & L. Wang, L. Du, X. Ye, Y. Fu, G. Guo, X. Xue, J. Feng and L. Zhang: Depth-conditioned Dynamic Message Propagation for Monocular 3D Object Detection. CVPR 2020.\\
SparsePool & & 33.35 \% & 43.86 \% & 29.99 \% & 0.13 s / 8 cores & Z. Wang, W. Zhan and M. Tomizuka: Fusing bird view lidar point cloud and front view camera image for deep object detection. arXiv preprint arXiv:1711.06703 2017.\\
SparsePool & & 33.29 \% & 43.52 \% & 30.01 \% & 0.13 s / 8 cores & Z. Wang, W. Zhan and M. Tomizuka: Fusing bird view lidar point cloud and front view camera image for deep object detection. arXiv preprint arXiv:1711.06703 2017.\\
LSVM-MDPM-sv & & 33.01 \% & 45.60 \% & 29.27 \% & 10 s / 4 cores & P. Felzenszwalb, R. Girshick, D. McAllester and D. Ramanan: Object Detection with Discriminatively Trained Part-Based Models. PAMI 2010.A. Geiger, C. Wojek and R. Urtasun: Joint 3D Estimation of Objects and Scene Layout. NIPS 2011.\\
SeSame-pillar & & 32.73 \% & 40.30 \% & 30.56 \% & N/A s / TITAN RTX & H. O, C. Yang and K. Huh: SeSame: Simple, Easy 3D Object Detection with Point-Wise Semantics. Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Computer Vision (ACCV) 2024.\\
PointRGBNet & & 32.57 \% & 43.08 \% & 29.17 \% & 0.08 s / 4 cores & P. Xie Desheng: Real-time Detection of 3D Objects Based on Multi-Sensor Information Fusion. Automotive Engineering 2022.\\
AVOD & la & 32.19 \% & 42.54 \% & 29.09 \% & 0.08 s / & J. Ku, M. Mozifian, J. Lee, A. Harakeh and S. Waslander: Joint 3D Proposal Generation and Object Detection from View Aggregation. IROS 2018.\\
Complexer-YOLO & la & 32.13 \% & 37.32 \% & 28.94 \% & 0.06 s / GPU & M. Simon, K. Amende, A. Kraus, J. Honer, T. Samann, H. Kaulbersch, S. Milz and H. Michael Gross: Complexer-YOLO: Real-Time 3D Object Detection and Tracking on Semantic Point Clouds. The IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) Workshops 2019.\\
RPN+BF & & 32.12 \% & 41.19 \% & 28.83 \% & 0.6 s / GPU & L. Zhang, L. Lin, X. Liang and K. He: Is Faster R-CNN Doing Well for Pedestrian Detection?. ECCV 2016.\\
DMF & st & 32.00 \% & 39.86 \% & 30.12 \% & 0.2 s / 1 core & X. J. Chen and W. Xu: Disparity-Based Multiscale Fusion Network for Transportation Detection. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 2022.\\
CMKD & & 31.97 \% & 42.60 \% & 29.13 \% & 0.1 s / 1 core & Y. Hong, H. Dai and Y. Ding: Cross-Modality Knowledge Distillation Network for Monocular 3D Object Detection. ECCV 2022.\\
M3D-RPN & & 31.88 \% & 44.33 \% & 28.55 \% & 0.16 s / GPU & G. Brazil and X. Liu: M3D-RPN: Monocular 3D Region Proposal Network for Object Detection . ICCV 2019 .\\
Point-GNN & la & 31.86 \% & 39.16 \% & 29.65 \% & 0.6 s / GPU & W. Shi and R. Rajkumar: Point-GNN: Graph Neural Network for 3D Object Detection in a Point Cloud. CVPR 2020.\\
SubCat & & 31.26 \% & 42.31 \% & 27.39 \% & 1.2 s / 6 cores & E. Ohn-Bar and M. Trivedi: Fast and Robust Object Detection Using Visual Subcategories. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops Mobile Vision 2014.\\
SeSame-pillar w/scor & & 30.83 \% & 38.16 \% & 28.98 \% & N/A s / 1 core & H. O, C. Yang and K. Huh: SeSame: Simple, Easy 3D Object Detection with Point-Wise Semantics. Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Computer Vision (ACCV) 2024.\\
Fade-kd & & 30.50 \% & 38.03 \% & 28.83 \% & 0.01 s / 1 core & \\
Aug3D-RPN & & 29.75 \% & 40.50 \% & 25.96 \% & 0.08 s / 1 core & C. He, J. Huang, X. Hua and L. Zhang: Aug3D-RPN: Improving Monocular 3D Object Detection by Synthetic Images with Virtual Depth. 2021.\\
BirdNet+ (legacy) & la & 29.56 \% & 36.76 \% & 28.10 \% & 0.1 s / & A. Barrera, C. Guindel, J. Beltrán and F. García: BirdNet+: End-to-End 3D Object Detection in LiDAR Bird’s Eye View. 2020 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC) 2020.\\
SeSame-point w/score & & 28.86 \% & 39.33 \% & 26.47 \% & N/A s / 1 core & H. O, C. Yang and K. Huh: SeSame: Simple, Easy 3D Object Detection with Point-Wise Semantics. Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Computer Vision (ACCV) 2024.\\
RT3D-GMP & st & 28.75 \% & 40.81 \% & 25.13 \% & 0.06 s / GPU & H. Königshof and C. Stiller: Learning-Based Shape Estimation with Grid Map Patches for Realtime 3D Object Detection for Automated Driving. 2020 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC) 2020.\\
CMAN & & 28.16 \% & 40.27 \% & 24.82 \% & 0.15 s / 1 core & C. Yuanzhouhan Cao: CMAN: Leaning Global Structure Correlation for Monocular 3D Object Detection. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst. 2022.\\
Cube R-CNN & & 28.07 \% & 34.26 \% & 25.14 \% & 0.05 s / GPU & G. Brazil, A. Kumar, J. Straub, N. Ravi, J. Johnson and G. Gkioxari: Omni3D: A Large Benchmark and Model for 3D Object Detection in the Wild. CVPR 2023.\\
CIE & & 27.84 \% & 37.65 \% & 25.24 \% & 0.1 s / 1 core & Anonymities: Consistency of Implicit and Explicit Features Matters for Monocular 3D Object Detection. arXiv preprint arXiv:2207.07933 2022.\\
PGD-FCOS3D & & 27.61 \% & 40.20 \% & 24.29 \% & 0.03 s / 1 core & T. Wang, X. Zhu, J. Pang and D. Lin: Probabilistic and Geometric Depth: Detecting Objects in Perspective. Conference on Robot Learning (CoRL) 2021.\\
FMF-occlusion-net & & 26.28 \% & 38.13 \% & 22.91 \% & 0.16 s / 1 core & H. Liu, H. Liu, Y. Wang, F. Sun and W. Huang: Fine-grained Multi-level Fusion for Anti- occlusion Monocular 3D Object Detection. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 2022.\\
AMNet+DDAD15M & & 25.45 \% & 33.83 \% & 22.95 \% & 0.03 s / 1 core & H. Pan, Y. Jia, J. Wang and W. Sun: MonoAMNet: Three-Stage Real-Time Monocular 3D Object Detection With Adaptive Methods. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 2025.\\
MonoFRD & & 24.92 \% & 33.47 \% & 22.38 \% & 0.01 s / 1 core & Z. Gong, Y. Zhao, F. Zhang, G. Gui, B. Chen, L. Yu, H. Wang, C. Yang and W. Gui: Color intuitive feature guided depth-height fusion and volume rendering for monocular 3D object detection. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles(Major Revison) 2024.\\
DFR-Net & & 24.88 \% & 35.75 \% & 21.72 \% & 0.18 s / & Z. Zou, X. Ye, L. Du, X. Cheng, X. Tan, L. Zhang, J. Feng, X. Xue and E. Ding: The devil is in the task: Exploiting reciprocal appearance-localization features for monocular 3d object detection . ICCV 2021.\\
DSGN & st & 24.32 \% & 31.21 \% & 23.09 \% & 0.67 s / & Y. Chen, S. Liu, X. Shen and J. Jia: DSGN: Deep Stereo Geometry Network for 3D Object Detection. CVPR 2020.\\
ACF & & 24.31 \% & 32.23 \% & 21.70 \% & 1 s / 1 core & P. Doll\'ar, R. Appel, S. Belongie and P. Perona: Fast Feature Pyramids for Object Detection. PAMI 2014.\\
PS-SVDM & & 24.19 \% & 33.74 \% & 21.63 \% & 1 s / 1 core & Y. Shi: SVDM: Single-View Diffusion Model for Pseudo-Stereo 3D Object Detection. arXiv preprint arXiv:2307.02270 2023.\\
PS-fld & & 23.67 \% & 32.84 \% & 21.40 \% & 0.25 s / 1 core & Y. Chen, H. Dai and Y. Ding: Pseudo-Stereo for Monocular 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Driving. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) 2022.\\
SGM3D & & 23.54 \% & 33.73 \% & 20.50 \% & 0.03 s / 1 core & Z. Zhou, L. Du, X. Ye, Z. Zou, X. Tan, L. Zhang, X. Xue and J. Feng: SGM3D: Stereo Guided Monocular 3D Object Detection. RA-L 2022.\\
AMNet & & 23.48 \% & 31.60 \% & 21.10 \% & 0.03 s / GPU & H. Pan, Y. Jia, J. Wang and W. Sun: MonoAMNet: Three-Stage Real-Time Monocular 3D Object Detection With Adaptive Methods. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 2025.\\
PS-SVDM & & 23.28 \% & 32.63 \% & 20.76 \% & 1 s / 1 core & Y. Shi: SVDM: Single-View Diffusion Model for Pseudo-Stereo 3D Object Detection. arXiv preprint arXiv:2307.02270 2023.\\
Fade 3D & & 23.24 \% & 30.04 \% & 21.82 \% & 0.01 s / 1 core & W. Ye, Q. Xia, H. Wu, Z. Dong, R. Zhong, C. Wang and C. Wen: Fade3D: Fast and Deployable 3D Object Detection for Autonomous Driving. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 2025.\\
multi-task CNN & & 22.80 \% & 30.30 \% & 20.47 \% & 25.1 ms / GPU & M. Oeljeklaus, F. Hoffmann and T. Bertram: A Fast Multi-Task CNN for Spatial Understanding of Traffic Scenes. IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference 2018.\\
ACF-MR & & 22.61 \% & 29.23 \% & 20.08 \% & 0.6 s / 1 core & R. Rajaram, E. Ohn-Bar and M. Trivedi: Looking at Pedestrians at Different Scales: A Multi-resolution Approach and Evaluations. T-ITS 2016.\\
OC Stereo & st & 22.02 \% & 31.36 \% & 20.20 \% & 0.35 s / 1 core & A. Pon, J. Ku, C. Li and S. Waslander: Object-Centric Stereo Matching for 3D Object Detection. ICRA 2020.\\
BirdNet & la & 21.83 \% & 27.12 \% & 20.56 \% & 0.11 s / & J. Beltrán, C. Guindel, F. Moreno, D. Cruzado, F. García and A. Escalera: BirdNet: A 3D Object Detection Framework from LiDAR Information. 2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC) 2018.\\
MonoNeRD & & 20.54 \% & 28.43 \% & 18.36 \% & na s / 1 core & J. Xu, L. Peng, H. Cheng, H. Li, W. Qian, K. Li, W. Wang and D. Cai: MonoNeRD: NeRF-like Representations for Monocular 3D Object Detection. ICCV 2023.\\
DPM-C8B1 & st & 19.17 \% & 27.79 \% & 16.48 \% & 15 s / 4 cores & J. Yebes, L. Bergasa and M. García-Garrido: Visual Object Recognition with 3D-Aware Features in KITTI Urban Scenes. Sensors 2015.J. Yebes, L. Bergasa, R. Arroyo and A. Lázaro: Supervised learning and evaluation of KITTI's cars detector with DPM. IV 2014.\\
ESGN & st & 19.17 \% & 26.02 \% & 16.90 \% & 0.06 s / GPU & A. Gao, Y. Pang, J. Nie, Z. Shao, J. Cao, Y. Guo and X. Li: ESGN: Efficient Stereo Geometry Network for Fast 3D Object Detection. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 2022.\\
LLW & & 18.96 \% & 26.40 \% & 16.95 \% & 0.1 s / 1 core & \\
RefinedMPL & & 17.26 \% & 25.83 \% & 15.41 \% & 0.15 s / GPU & J. Vianney, S. Aich and B. Liu: RefinedMPL: Refined Monocular PseudoLiDAR for 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Driving. arXiv preprint arXiv:1911.09712 2019.\\
CaDDN & & 17.13 \% & 24.45 \% & 15.79 \% & 0.63 s / GPU & C. Reading, A. Harakeh, J. Chae and S. Waslander: Categorical Depth Distribution Network for Monocular 3D Object Detection. CVPR 2021.\\
RT3DStereo & st & 15.34 \% & 21.41 \% & 13.23 \% & 0.08 s / GPU & H. Königshof, N. Salscheider and C. Stiller: Realtime 3D Object Detection for Automated Driving Using Stereo Vision and Semantic Information. Proc. IEEE Intl. Conf. Intelligent Transportation Systems 2019.\\
CPD++(unsupervised) & & 10.69 \% & 12.16 \% & 10.20 \% & 0.1 s / GPU & \\
CPD(unsupervised) & & 5.31 \% & 6.68 \% & 4.89 \% & 0.1 s / GPU & H. Wu, S. Zhao, X. Huang, C. Wen, X. Li and C. Wang: Commonsense Prototype for Outdoor Unsupervised 3D Object Detection. CVPR 2024.\\
GATE3D & & 0.80 \% & 1.15 \% & 0.86 \% & 0.01 s / 1 core & \\
DA3D+KM3D+v2-99 & & 0.00 \% & 0.00 \% & 0.00 \% & 0.120s / GPU & Y. Jia, J. Wang, H. Pan and W. Sun: Enhancing Monocular 3-D Object Detection Through Data Augmentation Strategies. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 2024.\\
DA3D+KM3D & & 0.00 \% & 0.00 \% & 0.00 \% & 0.02 s / GPU & Y. Jia, J. Wang, H. Pan and W. Sun: Enhancing Monocular 3-D Object Detection Through Data Augmentation Strategies. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 2024.\\
DA3D & & 0.00 \% & 0.00 \% & 0.00 \% & 0.03 s / 1 core & Y. Jia, J. Wang, H. Pan and W. Sun: Enhancing Monocular 3-D Object Detection Through Data Augmentation Strategies. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 2024.
\end{tabular}